When architecture strengthens nature - working with biodiversity in Iceland

May 22 is Biodiversity Day. What do you need to consider when working on urban development in Iceland? We put the question to Nora Juhlin, landscape architect at FOJAB.

- Usually when we talk about biodiversity, native species and species diversity are two important starting points. In Iceland, there are fewer native tree species than the fingers on my one hand. It's a telling example of working with different conditions, which can be a challenge when trying to create robust ecosystems.

- Right now I'm looking at what vegetation we dare to add to the native flora, which does not run the risk of becoming invasive and causing more problems than it helps. It's also about thinking not only about variation between species but also within species. Genetic variation is an important piece of the puzzle for strengthening biodiversity in Iceland.

Why are trees so important?

- Only 2% of Iceland is forested today, but it wasn't always that way. Before the Vikings arrived and cut down the birch forests, more than a quarter of the land surface was covered by forest. Now they are trying to bring back the forest through large-scale replanting. This is important for several reasons. In addition to their importance for biodiversity, trees are needed to sequester carbon and reduce soil erosion. In the urban environment, they help manage large amounts of rainfall and can provide dispersal corridors for different species, to name a few values.

How do you go about it?

- I look at what has worked so far - it's usually best to build on what's already there. You need to understand the site and the Icelandic species portfolio, and adapt what we know to an Icelandic context. Of course, it's not just about working with trees, but also with shrub and field layers, and creating vegetation that is as varied as possible. You also need to understand that what works in Iceland today may behave completely differently in the future as the climate changes. This requires prior reflection, a humble approach.

Why is FOJAB working on biodiversity in Iceland?

- FOJAB has several urban development projects in Iceland, including the design concept for one of the routes along the new Borgarlína bus line in Reykjavik and the surrounding area. I work with the blue-green infrastructure, designing nature-based solutions in the streetscape and making sure they get enough space. Using rain gardens and swales, we can manage and purify stormwater, improve air quality, and create pleasant habitats for both humans and other wildlife.